The Spatial Dimensions of Ethnic and Racial Stratification

This paper provides an overview of research on residential segregation conceived of as a spatial dimension of ethnic and racial stratification. Descriptions of how residential segregation is measured, focusing on the Index of Dissimilarity, are presented as well as the three major theories most often used to explain the emergence and persistence of residential patterns in the U.S. metropolitan areas. Assessments of the strengths and weaknesses of the ecological or assimilation model, the ethnic congregation model, and the structural or institutional model are offered.

The remainder of the paper assesses recent trends in segregation and suburbanization patterns for Blacks, Latinos and Anglos and analyzes the consequences of residential segregation, particularly for minority groups. Special attention is paid to Black and Latino residential segregation by education, race and income as well as the rise of central city poverty areas and the continued segregation of schools. The policy implication of these sustained patterns of minority residential segregation are examined and it is concluded that in order to reduce racial residential segregation, widespread use of affirmative integration policies must be adopted. Since contemporary patterns of segregation were largely shaped by federal policies, federal involvement seems warranted in efforts aimed at eliminating the dual housing market operative in urban America.